Human rights cases refer to legal proceedings that address violations of basic rights and freedoms guaranteed to individuals by international human rights treaties, national constitutions, and other legal instruments. These cases can involve a wide range of issues, including freedom of expression, equality and non-discrimination, fair trials, privacy, and freedom from torture and other forms of ill-treatment. Human rights cases may be brought by individuals, organizations, or governments and can take place in a variety of legal forums, including national courts, international tribunals, and human rights bodies.